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Smoke rises from the docks behind Tower Bridge during the first mass bombing of London on September 7, 1940. The "Blitz" campaign was carried out by the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) from September 1940 until May 1941, intended to force the British government to capitulation. Around 43.000 civilians fell victim to the attacks, and the city was severly damaged. However, neither did the British government accept negotiations nor did the raids significantly decrease the British war production.